Настава природе и друштва у функцији развоја научне писмености у млађем школском узрасту
Teaching of nature and society in the function of developing scientific literacy in younger school age
Настава природе и друштва у функцији развоја научне писмености у млађем школском узрасту
Teaching of nature and society in the function of developing scientific literacy in younger school age
Датотеке
Датум
2024
Аутори
Гаврић Неда
Наслов журнала
Журнал ISSN
Наслов волумена
Издавач
Универзитет у Источном Сарајеву, Педагошки факултет Бијељина
University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Pedagogy Bijeljina
University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Pedagogy Bijeljina
Апстракт
Подстицање и развој научне писмености један је од задатака наставе природе и
друштва. С тим у вези, циљ истраживања је испитати методичку вриједност проблемске и
инквајери наставе за развој научне писмености у настави природе и друштва на садржајима
о планети Земљи и васиони. Циљ је, такође, утврдити искуства и мишљења наставника о
примјени проблемске и инквајери наставе у функцији научног описмењавања ученика
млађег школског узраста, као и испитати заинтересованост ученика за учење и примјену
поменутих садржаја у настави природе и друштва.
За потребе истраживања формиране су двије експерименталне и једна контролна
група (експеримент са паралелним групама), гдје је у оквиру експерименталних група једна
изучавала садржаје о планети Земљи и васиони путем проблемске наставе, друга путем
инквајери наставе, док је контролна група слушала часове на традиционални начин. Укупан
узорак чине 224 ученика петог разреда ЈУ ОШ „Кнез Иво од Семберије“ и ЈУ ОШ „Вук
Караџић“ у Бијељини и 170 учитеља запослених у основним школама на подручју Бијељине,
Угљевика, Модриче и Зворника. Креирани су сљедећи инструменти истраживања:
иницијали и финални тест знања, анкетни упитник за учитеље и анкетни упитник за
ученике. Осим експерименталне, употријебљене су још и метода теоријске анализе и
дескриптивна метода. За статистичку обраду података одабране су мјере дескриптивне
статистике, мјере варијабилности, мјере облика дистрибуције, једнофакторска анализа
варијансе ANOVA и t-тест за двије независне групе. Резултати су обрађени статистичким
програмом IBM SPSS_20 и приказани табеларно, графички и текстуално.
На финалном тесту знања, као и на поновљеном финалном тесту након два мјесеца
ученици експерименталних група остварили су знатно боље резултате у односу на
контролну групу, чиме су потврђене хипотезе истраживања којима се претпоставља да ће
примјена проблемске и инквајери наставе у петом разреду основне школе на садржајима о
планети Земљи и васиони допринијети бољим постигнућима и трајности знања из датог
градива у односну на традиционалну наставу. Потврђена је и хипотеза да су искуства и
мишљења наставника о проблемској и инквајери настави изузетно позитивна, с тим да је
откривено да је термин „инквајери“ и даље непознат већем броју испитаника, и то више у
градским, него у сеоским срединама. Анкетирањем ученика експерименталних група
5
потврдила се претпоставка о њиховој заинтересованости за садржаје природе и друштва
изучаване по моделима проблемске и инквајери наставе и то у појединим тврдњама нешто
више у експерименталној групи која је учила по моделу проблемске наставе.
Овим истраживањем проблемска и инквајери врста наставе показале су се као
изузетно квалитетне и подобне у служби научног описмењавања ученика млађег школског
узраста у настави природе и друштва, те се препоручује њихово активно увођење у наставни
процес. Према ријечима наставника, постоје ипак бројна ограничења за њихову честу
примјену која се најбоље могу превазићи освјешћивањем и просвјетних радника и
надлежних у школама о важности оваквих врста рада на часовима, као и о наставним
средствима које оне изискују. У наредним истраживањима требало би испитивати
ефикасност примјене поменутих модела наставе на другим садржајима у настави природе
и друштва који би се реализовали у посебно специјализованим кабинетима, као и у
учионицама које немају такве услове.
Encouraging and developing scientific literacy is one of the tasks of teaching nature and society. In this regard, the goal of the research is to examine the methodological value of problembased and inquiry teaching for the development of scientific literacy in the teaching of nature and society on content about the planet Earth and space. The goal is also to determine the experiences and opinions of teachers on the application of problem-based and inquiry teaching in the function of scientific literacy of students of younger school age, as well as to examine the interest of students in learning and applying the mentioned contents in the teaching of nature and society. For the purposes of the research, two experimental and one control group (experiment with parallel groups) were formed, where within the experimental groups one studied content about the planet Earth and space through problem teaching, the other through inquiry teaching, while the control group listened to lessons in the traditional way. The total sample consists of 224 fifth-grade students of "Knez Ivo od Semberija" Primary School and "Vuk Karadžić" Primary School in Bijeljina and 170 teachers working in elementary schools in the area of Bijeljina, Ugljevik, Modriča and Zvornik. The following research instruments were created: initial and final knowledge test, survey questionnaire for teachers and survey questionnaire for students. In addition to the experimental method, the method of theoretical analysis and the descriptive method were also used. Descriptive statistics measures, variability measures, distribution shape measures, one-factor analysis of variance ANOVA and t-test for two independent groups were selected for statistical data processing. The results were processed with the statistical program IBM SPSS_20 and presented tabularly, graphically and textually. On the final test of knowledge, as well as on the repeated final test after two months, the students of the experimental groups achieved significantly better results compared to the control group, which confirmed the research hypotheses, which assume that the application of problembased and inquiry-based teaching in the fifth grade of elementary school on the contents about the planet Earth and space contribute to better success and durability of knowledge from the given material in relation to traditional teaching.We also confirmed the hypothesis that teachers' attitudes and opinions about problem-based and inquiry teaching are extremely positive, with the fact that we discovered that the term "inquiries" is still unknown to a greater number of respondents, more so in urban than in rural areas. By surveying the students of the experimental groups, the 7 assumption about their interest in the contents of nature and society studied according to the models of problem-based and inquiry teaching was confirmed, in certain claims somewhat more in the problem-based experimental group. Through this research, problem-based and inquiry types of teaching proved to be extremely high-quality and suitable for the scientific literacy of younger school-aged students in the teaching of nature and society, and their active introduction into the teaching process is recommended. According to teachers, there are still numerous limitations to their frequent application, which can best be overcome by raising awareness among educators and school authorities about the importance of these types of work in classes, as well as about the teaching aids they require. In subsequent research, the effectiveness of the application of the mentioned teaching models should be examined on other content in the teaching of nature and society, which would be implemented in specially specialized classrooms, as well as in classrooms that do not have such conditions.
Encouraging and developing scientific literacy is one of the tasks of teaching nature and society. In this regard, the goal of the research is to examine the methodological value of problembased and inquiry teaching for the development of scientific literacy in the teaching of nature and society on content about the planet Earth and space. The goal is also to determine the experiences and opinions of teachers on the application of problem-based and inquiry teaching in the function of scientific literacy of students of younger school age, as well as to examine the interest of students in learning and applying the mentioned contents in the teaching of nature and society. For the purposes of the research, two experimental and one control group (experiment with parallel groups) were formed, where within the experimental groups one studied content about the planet Earth and space through problem teaching, the other through inquiry teaching, while the control group listened to lessons in the traditional way. The total sample consists of 224 fifth-grade students of "Knez Ivo od Semberija" Primary School and "Vuk Karadžić" Primary School in Bijeljina and 170 teachers working in elementary schools in the area of Bijeljina, Ugljevik, Modriča and Zvornik. The following research instruments were created: initial and final knowledge test, survey questionnaire for teachers and survey questionnaire for students. In addition to the experimental method, the method of theoretical analysis and the descriptive method were also used. Descriptive statistics measures, variability measures, distribution shape measures, one-factor analysis of variance ANOVA and t-test for two independent groups were selected for statistical data processing. The results were processed with the statistical program IBM SPSS_20 and presented tabularly, graphically and textually. On the final test of knowledge, as well as on the repeated final test after two months, the students of the experimental groups achieved significantly better results compared to the control group, which confirmed the research hypotheses, which assume that the application of problembased and inquiry-based teaching in the fifth grade of elementary school on the contents about the planet Earth and space contribute to better success and durability of knowledge from the given material in relation to traditional teaching.We also confirmed the hypothesis that teachers' attitudes and opinions about problem-based and inquiry teaching are extremely positive, with the fact that we discovered that the term "inquiries" is still unknown to a greater number of respondents, more so in urban than in rural areas. By surveying the students of the experimental groups, the 7 assumption about their interest in the contents of nature and society studied according to the models of problem-based and inquiry teaching was confirmed, in certain claims somewhat more in the problem-based experimental group. Through this research, problem-based and inquiry types of teaching proved to be extremely high-quality and suitable for the scientific literacy of younger school-aged students in the teaching of nature and society, and their active introduction into the teaching process is recommended. According to teachers, there are still numerous limitations to their frequent application, which can best be overcome by raising awareness among educators and school authorities about the importance of these types of work in classes, as well as about the teaching aids they require. In subsequent research, the effectiveness of the application of the mentioned teaching models should be examined on other content in the teaching of nature and society, which would be implemented in specially specialized classrooms, as well as in classrooms that do not have such conditions.
Опис
Кључне речи
Teaching of nature and society, younger school age, scientific literacy, problem
teaching, inquiry teaching, teaching contents about planet Earth and space,
Настава природе и друштва, млађи школски узраст, научно описмењавање,
проблемска настава, инквајери настава, наставни садржаји о планети Земљи и васиони