Ефекти програмираног вежбања по моделу школице спорта на развој моторичких вештина и физичке форме повезане са здрављем предшколске деце/
Effects of exercise intervention based on sport school
model on improving motor skills and health related
fitness in preschool children
Ефекти програмираног вежбања по моделу школице спорта на развој моторичких вештина и физичке форме повезане са здрављем предшколске деце/
Effects of exercise intervention based on sport school
model on improving motor skills and health related
fitness in preschool children
Датотеке
Датум
2023
Аутори
Србољуб Вуковић
Наслов журнала
Журнал ISSN
Наслов волумена
Издавач
Универзитет у Источном Сарајеву, Факултет физичког васпитања и спорта Пале
University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Pale
University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Pale
Апстракт
Последњих година значај физичке активности и вежбања у раном развоју деце
добија значајну пажњу. Циљ овог истраживања био је да се утврде ефекти програма
базираног на спортским школама на моторичке способности и физичку форму
повезану са здрављем код деце предшколског узраста. Узорак испитаника за
истраживање чинило је 56 девојчица и 74 дечака предшколског узраста (6.03 ± 0.45
година). Деца експерименталне групе су била укључена у програм у трајању од 6
месеци, три пута недељно, док је контролна група пратила уобичајене активности у
вртићу. Тест општег моторичког развоја – друго издање (ТГМД-2) је био алат за
процену развоја моторичких вештина које захтевају технике обсервације. Физичка
форма повезана са здрављем је била процењена тестовима чунасто трчање 4х10 м, скок
удаљ из места, претклон на клупици, подизање трупа за 30 с, чунасто трчање 20 м при
чему се гледао број пређених деоница као и пређени ниво. ANCOVA је показала да
постоје разлике у свим анализираним варијаблама гледајући сирове податке теста
ТГМД2 у корист експерименталне групе: Укупан скор за локомоторне вештине
(p=0.01), Укупан скор за манипулативне вештине (p=0.01) и Укупан скор за све ТГМД-
2 тестове (p=0.01). Исти резултат је добијен за нормиране вредности ТГМД2 теста:
Укупан резултат за локомоторне вештине (p=0.01), Укупан резултат за манипулативне
вештине (p=0.01), Укупан резултат свих ТГМД-2 тестова (p=0.01) и Коефицијент
моторичког развоја (p=0.01), и то у корист експерименталне групе. Што се тиче
физичке форме повезане са здрављем, АНКОВА је показала значајну разлику у
појединим варијаблама, при чему се може закључити да значајне разлике постоје само
у варијаблама: Трчање 4x10 м (p=0.01), Cкок удаљ из места (p=0.04) и Подизање трупа
за 30 с (p=0.01). У осталим варијаблама нису пронађене статистички значајне разлике.
Може се закључити да постоје позитивни ефекти програма школе спорта на развој
моторичких вештина код деце предшколског узраста након шестомесечног
експерименталног програма, док у случају физичке форме повезане са здрављем није
постигнут такав ефекат. Како су моторичке вештине кључни аспект развоја деце и
играју изузетно важну улогу у њиховом физичком, емоционалном и когнитивном
развоју, њихова процена је изузетно важна.
In recent years, the importance of physical activity and exercise in the early development of children has received considerable attention. The goal of this research was to determine the effects of a program based on sports schools on motor skills and health related physical fitness in preschool children. The sample of participants for the research consisted of 56 girls and 74 boys of preschool age (6.03 ± 0.45 years). The children of the experimental group were included in the program for 6 months, three times a week, while the control group followed the usual activities in the kindergarten. The Test of General Motor Development - Second Edition (TGMD-2) was a tool to assess the development of motor skills that require observational techniques. Health related physical fitness was assessed by tests of 4x10 m agility run, standing long jump, sit and reach, sit ups in 30 s, 20m Shuttle run, with the number of distance covered and the level covered as variables. ANCOVA showed that there were differences in all analyzed variables looking at the raw data for TGMD2 tests in favor of the experimental group: Total score for locomotor skills (p=0.01), Total score for manipulative skills (p=0.01) and Total score for all TGMD-2 tests (p =0.01). The similar result was obtained for the normalized values of the TGMD2 test: Total score for locomotor skills (p=0.01), Total score for manipulative skills (p=0.01), Total score of all TGMD-2 tests (p=0.01) and Motor development coefficient (p =0.01), in favor of the experimental group. Regarding the health related fitness, ANCOVA showed a significant difference in certain variables, whereby it can be concluded that significant differences exist only in the variables: shuttle run 4x10 m (p=0.01), sit and reach (p=0.04) and sit ups in 30 s (p=0.01). No statistically significant differences were found in other variables. It can be concluded that there were positive effects of the sports school program on the development of motor skills in preschool children after a six-month experimental program, while no such effect was achieved in the case of health related fitness. As motor skills are a key aspect of children's development and play an extremely important role in their physical, emotional and cognitive development, their assessment is extremely important.
In recent years, the importance of physical activity and exercise in the early development of children has received considerable attention. The goal of this research was to determine the effects of a program based on sports schools on motor skills and health related physical fitness in preschool children. The sample of participants for the research consisted of 56 girls and 74 boys of preschool age (6.03 ± 0.45 years). The children of the experimental group were included in the program for 6 months, three times a week, while the control group followed the usual activities in the kindergarten. The Test of General Motor Development - Second Edition (TGMD-2) was a tool to assess the development of motor skills that require observational techniques. Health related physical fitness was assessed by tests of 4x10 m agility run, standing long jump, sit and reach, sit ups in 30 s, 20m Shuttle run, with the number of distance covered and the level covered as variables. ANCOVA showed that there were differences in all analyzed variables looking at the raw data for TGMD2 tests in favor of the experimental group: Total score for locomotor skills (p=0.01), Total score for manipulative skills (p=0.01) and Total score for all TGMD-2 tests (p =0.01). The similar result was obtained for the normalized values of the TGMD2 test: Total score for locomotor skills (p=0.01), Total score for manipulative skills (p=0.01), Total score of all TGMD-2 tests (p=0.01) and Motor development coefficient (p =0.01), in favor of the experimental group. Regarding the health related fitness, ANCOVA showed a significant difference in certain variables, whereby it can be concluded that significant differences exist only in the variables: shuttle run 4x10 m (p=0.01), sit and reach (p=0.04) and sit ups in 30 s (p=0.01). No statistically significant differences were found in other variables. It can be concluded that there were positive effects of the sports school program on the development of motor skills in preschool children after a six-month experimental program, while no such effect was achieved in the case of health related fitness. As motor skills are a key aspect of children's development and play an extremely important role in their physical, emotional and cognitive development, their assessment is extremely important.
Опис
Кључне речи
Деца, физичка активност, евалуација, ТГМД-2,
Kids, physical activity, evaluation, TGMD-2